|
|
Some key findings include:
European households increased their holdings of cash and bank deposits from EUR 10,260 billion in 2015 to EUR 13,944 billion in 2022, or from 36.7% of their financial wealth to 41.1%. In parallel, the ratio between the capital market instruments and the cash and bank deposits held by households fell from 1.73 in 2015 to 1.43 in 2022. The massive increase of savings in deposits was driven by the pandemic in 2020 (EUR 1,054 billion) and the financial market downturn in 2022.
Households increased their investments in capital markets to EUR 578 billion in 2021 and EUR 574 billion in 2022, compared to an annual average of EUR 303 billion in 2015-2019. However, the increase in bank deposits remained substantial: EUR 713 billion in 2021 and EUR 486 billion in 2022.
There remain considerable differences in the way households allocate their savings across Europe. In Denmark, Sweden and the Netherlands, households hold less than 30% of their financial wealth in deposits. However, in 2022 the share of deposits exceeded 70% in Malta, Portugal, Lithuania, Bulgaria, Slovenia, Poland, Cyprus and Greece.
There are five elements that explain the varied composition of household portfolio across Europe:
The role of funded pensions in national pension systems
The extent to which households can expect a large State pension
The level of gross national income per capita
The level of financial literacy
The tax incentives available for investments
Some countries made more headway between 2020-2022 than others. Slovakia, Germany, Norway, Denmark, Luxembourg, Finland, Italy, Austria, Belgium, and the Czech Republic made the most progress. The fact that these countries are quite different in terms of total population, economic weight, and financial development confirms that progress toward greater participation in capital markets can be achieved in any country.
The report also makes several policy recommendations, including:
Boosting access to, and coverage of, funded occupational and personal pensions, including:
Developing pension tracking systems to inform citizens about what retirement income they can expect,
Implementing mechanisms of auto-enrolment for occupational pension plans,
Revising the Pan-European Personal Pension Product to allow the PEPP market to take off,
Integrating the European Retirement Week into the EU official calendar to enhance awareness about the need to save more for retirement.
Keeping access to affordable and quality financial advice for all EU citizens. This requires that the Retail Investment Strategypreserves the existing distribution system for investment products which allows EU citizens to have access to affordable and quality financial advice no matter the size of their investment.